CVE-2025-9906

HIGH EPSS 8.4%

Published Sep 19, 20259mo ago · Modified Jun 17, 20262w ago

8.6 CVSS 4.0

High

Published Sep 19, 2025 9mo ago

Last Modified Jun 17, 2026 2w ago

Description

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .keras model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special config.json (a file within the .keras archive) that will invoke keras.config.enable_unsafe_deserialization() to disable safe mode. Once safe mode is disable, one can use the Lambda layer feature of keras, which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. Both can appear in the same archive. Simply the keras.config.enable_unsafe_deserialization() needs to appear first in the archive and the Lambda with arbitrary code needs to be second.

CVSS Details

Base Score

8.6

Exploitability

—

Impact

—

Vector string

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:A/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Attack Vector Local

Attack Complexity Low

Privileges Required Low

User Interaction P

Scope X

Threat Intelligence

EPSS Exploit Probability

8.4% percentile

Exploit & Patch Status

No Known Exploit

No Patch Available

Weaknesses 1

CWE-502 Deserialization of Untrusted Data Validation

Affected Products 1

Vendor	Product	Version	Range
keras	keras	*	≥3.0.0 – <3.11.0

References 1

github.com https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21429

Issue Tracking

Remediation

No remediation data recorded yet

Check vendor advisories and the NVD entry for patch availability.