CVE-2025-9905

HIGH EPSS 10.5%
Published Sep 19, 20259mo ago · Modified Jun 17, 20262w ago
7.3 CVSS 4.0
High
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Published Sep 19, 2025 9mo ago
Last Modified Jun 17, 2026 2w ago

Description

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives. Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.

CVSS Details

Base Score
7.3
Exploitability
—
Impact
—
Vector string
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Attack Vector Local
Attack Complexity High
Privileges Required Low
User Interaction P
Scope X

Threat Intelligence

EPSS Exploit Probability
10.5% percentile
Exploit & Patch Status
Public Exploit Known
Patch Available

Weaknesses 1

CWE-913

Affected Products 1

VendorProductVersionRange
keraskeras*≥3.0.0  –  <3.11.3

References 2

  • github.com https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
    Issue TrackingPatch
  • github.com https://github.com/keras-team/keras/security/advisories/GHSA-36rr-ww3j-vrjv
    ExploitVendor Advisory

Remediation

  • github.com https://github.com/keras-team/keras/pull/21602
    Issue TrackingPatch