CVE-2025-54123

CRITICAL EPSS 95.2%
Published Sep 10, 20259mo ago · Modified Jun 17, 20262w ago
9.8 CVSS 3.1
Critical
Find Similar
Published Sep 10, 2025 9mo ago
Last Modified Jun 17, 2026 2w ago

Description

Hoverfly is an open source API simulation tool. In versions 1.11.3 and prior, the middleware functionality in Hoverfly is vulnerable to command injection vulnerability at `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware` endpoint due to insufficient validation and sanitization in user input. The vulnerability exists in the middleware management API endpoint `/api/v2/hoverfly/middleware`. This issue is born due to combination of three code level flaws: Insufficient Input Validation in middleware.go line 94-96; Unsafe Command Execution in local_middleware.go line 14-19; and Immediate Execution During Testing in hoverfly_service.go line 173. This allows an attacker to gain remote code execution (RCE) on any system running the vulnerable Hoverfly service. Since the input is directly passed to system commands without proper checks, an attacker can upload a malicious payload or directly execute arbitrary commands (including reverse shells) on the host server with the privileges of the Hoverfly process. Commit 17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40 in version 1.12.0 disables the set middleware API by default, and subsequent changes to documentation make users aware of the security changes of exposing the set middleware API.

CVSS Details

Base Score
9.8
Exploitability
3.9
Impact
5.9
Vector string
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Attack Vector Network
Attack Complexity Low
Privileges Required None
User Interaction None
Scope Unchanged
Confidentiality High
Integrity High
Availability High

Threat Intelligence

EPSS Exploit Probability
95.2% percentile
Exploit & Patch Status
Public Exploit Known
Patch Available

Weaknesses 2

CWE-20 Improper Input Validation Validation
CWE-78 OS Command Injection Injection

Affected Products 1

VendorProductVersionRange
hoverflyhoverfly* <1.12.0

References 6

  • github.com https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/hoverfly_service.go#L173
    Product
  • github.com https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/local_middleware.go#L13
    Product
  • github.com https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/blob/master/core/middleware/middleware.go#L93
    Product
  • github.com https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/a9d4da7bd7269651f54542ab790d0c613d568d3e
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/security/advisories/GHSA-r4h8-hfp2-ggmf
    ExploitVendor Advisory

Remediation

  • github.com https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/17e60a9bc78826deb4b782dca1c1abd3dbe60d40
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/SpectoLabs/hoverfly/commit/a9d4da7bd7269651f54542ab790d0c613d568d3e
    Patch