CVE-2025-52884

LOW EPSS 26.8%
Published Jun 24, 20251y ago · Modified Jun 17, 20262w ago
1.7 CVSS 4.0
Low
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Published Jun 24, 2025 1y ago
Last Modified Jun 17, 2026 2w ago

Description

RISC Zero is a zero-knowledge verifiable general computing platform, with Ethereum integration. The risc0-ethereum repository contains Solidity verifier contracts, Steel EVM view call library, and supporting code. Prior to versions 2.1.1 and 2.2.0, the `Steel.validateCommitment` Solidity library function will return `true` for a crafted commitment with a digest value of zero. This violates the semantics of `validateCommitment`, as this does not commitment to a block that is in the current chain. Because the digest is zero, it does not correspond to any block and there exist no known openings. As a result, this commitment will never be produced by a correct zkVM guest using Steel and leveraging this bug to compromise the soundness of a program using Steel would require a separate bug or misuse of the Steel library, which is expected to be used to validate the root of state opening proofs. A fix has been released as part of `risc0-ethereum` 2.1.1 and 2.2.0. Users for the `Steel` Solidity library versions 2.1.0 or earlier should ensure they are using `Steel.validateCommitment` in tandem with zkVM proof verification of a Steel program, as shown in the ERC-20 counter example, and documentation. This is the correct usage of Steel, and users following this pattern are not at risk, and do not need to take action. Users not verifying a zkVM proof of a Steel program should update their application to do so, as this is incorrect usage of Steel.

CVSS Details

Base Score
1.7
Exploitability
—
Impact
—
Vector string
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Attack Vector Network
Attack Complexity High
Privileges Required None
User Interaction None
Scope X

Threat Intelligence

EPSS Exploit Probability
26.8% percentile
Exploit & Patch Status
No Known Exploit
No Patch Available

Weaknesses 1

CWE-159

References 7

  • docs.beboundless.xyz https://docs.beboundless.xyz/developers/steel/how-it-works#verifying-the-proof-onchain
  • github.com https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/blob/ff0cb9253a87945b653b825711b8b5075f8b7545/examples/erc20-counter/contracts/src/Counter.sol#L56-L63
  • github.com https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/commit/3bbac859c7132b21ba5fdf2d47f1dd52e7e73d98
  • github.com https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/pull/605
  • github.com https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.1.1
  • github.com https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/releases/tag/v2.2.0
  • github.com https://github.com/risc0/risc0-ethereum/security/advisories/GHSA-gjv3-89hh-9xq2

Remediation

No remediation data recorded yet

Check vendor advisories and the NVD entry for patch availability.