CVE-2025-52471

HIGH EPSS 50.0%
Published Jun 24, 20251y ago · Modified Jun 17, 20261w ago
7.2 CVSS 4.0
High
Find Similar
Published Jun 24, 2025 1y ago
Last Modified Jun 17, 2026 1w ago

Description

ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. An integer underflow vulnerability has been identified in the ESP-NOW protocol implementation within the ESP Wi-Fi component of versions 5.4.1, 5.3.3, 5.2.5, and 5.1.6 of the ESP-IDF framework. This issue stems from insufficient validation of user-supplied data length in the packet receive function. Under certain conditions, this may lead to out-of-bounds memory access and may allow arbitrary memory write operations. On systems without a memory protection scheme, this behavior could potentially be used to achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the target device. In versions 5.4.2, 5.3.4, 5.2.6, and 5.1.6, ESP-NOW has added more comprehensive validation logic on user-supplied data length during packet reception to prevent integer underflow caused by negative value calculations. For ESP-IDF v5.3 and earlier, a workaround can be applied by validating that the `data_len` parameter received in the RX callback (registered via `esp_now_register_recv_cb()`) is a positive value before further processing. For ESP-IDF v5.4 and later, no application-level workaround is available. Users are advised to upgrade to a patched version of ESP-IDF to take advantage of the built-in mitigation.

CVSS Details

Base Score
7.2
Exploitability
—
Impact
—
Vector string
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Attack Vector Network
Attack Complexity Low
Privileges Required None
User Interaction None
Scope X

Threat Intelligence

EPSS Exploit Probability
50.0% percentile
Exploit & Patch Status
No Known Exploit
Patch Available

Weaknesses 1

CWE-191

Affected Products 4

VendorProductVersionRange
espressifesp-idf5.1.6any
espressifesp-idf5.2.5any
espressifesp-idf5.3.3any
espressifesp-idf5.4.1any

References 7

  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/b1a379d57430d265a53aca13d59ddfbf2e7ac409
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/c5fc81917805f99e687c81cc56b68dc5df7ef8b5
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d4dafbdc3572387cd4f9a62b776580bc4ac3bde7
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d6ec5a52255b17c1d6ef379e89f9de2c379042f8
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/df7757d8279871fa7a2f42ef3962c6c1ec88b8a2
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/edc227c5eaeced999b5212943a9434379f8aad80
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/security/advisories/GHSA-hqhh-cp47-fv5g
    PatchVendor Advisory

Remediation

  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/b1a379d57430d265a53aca13d59ddfbf2e7ac409
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/c5fc81917805f99e687c81cc56b68dc5df7ef8b5
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d4dafbdc3572387cd4f9a62b776580bc4ac3bde7
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/d6ec5a52255b17c1d6ef379e89f9de2c379042f8
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/df7757d8279871fa7a2f42ef3962c6c1ec88b8a2
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/commit/edc227c5eaeced999b5212943a9434379f8aad80
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/security/advisories/GHSA-hqhh-cp47-fv5g
    PatchVendor Advisory