CVE-2025-25291

CRITICAL EPSS 97.0%
Published Mar 12, 20251y ago · Modified Jun 17, 20261w ago
9.3 CVSS 4.0
Critical
Find Similar
Published Mar 12, 2025 1y ago
Last Modified Jun 17, 2026 1w ago

Description

ruby-saml provides security assertion markup language (SAML) single sign-on (SSO) for Ruby. An authentication bypass vulnerability was found in ruby-saml prior to versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 due to a parser differential. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently; the parsers can generate entirely different document structures from the same XML input. That allows an attacker to be able to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue may lead to authentication bypass. Versions 1.12.4 and 1.18.0 fix the issue.

CVSS Details

Base Score
9.3
Exploitability
—
Impact
—
Vector string
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Attack Vector Network
Attack Complexity Low
Privileges Required None
User Interaction None
Scope X

Threat Intelligence

EPSS Exploit Probability
97.0% percentile
Exploit & Patch Status
Public Exploit Known
Patch Available

Weaknesses 2

CWE-347
CWE-436

Affected Products 6

VendorProductVersionRange
omniauthomniauth_saml* <1.10.6
omniauthomniauth_saml*≥2.0.0  –  <2.1.3
omniauthomniauth_saml*≥2.2.0  –  <2.2.3
oneloginruby-saml* <1.12.4
oneloginruby-saml*≥1.13.0  –  <1.18.0
netappstoragegrid*any

References 13

  • about.gitlab.com https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
    Patch
  • github.blog https://github.blog/security/sign-in-as-anyone-bypassing-saml-sso-authentication-with-parser-differentials
    ExploitThird Party Advisory
  • github.com https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.12.4
    Release Notes
  • github.com https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/releases/tag/v1.18.0
    Release Notes
  • github.com https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-4vc4-m8qh-g8jm
    Vendor Advisory
  • github.com https://github.com/omniauth/omniauth-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-hw46-3hmr-x9xv
    Vendor Advisory
  • lists.debian.org https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00011.html
  • news.ycombinator.com https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43374519
    Issue Tracking
  • portswigger.net https://portswigger.net/research/saml-roulette-the-hacker-always-wins
    ExploitThird Party Advisory
  • security.netapp.com https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0010/
    Third Party Advisory
  • securitylab.github.com https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2024-329_GHSL-2024-330_ruby-saml
    Third Party Advisory

Remediation

  • about.gitlab.com https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e76c5b36bac40aedbf1ba7ffaaf495be63328cd9
    Patch
  • github.com https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97
    Patch